Edited by Bartosz Jóźwik · Mariusz Sagan
Eastern Poland. Development challenges
stytut Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
Janusz Lewandowski
Wprowadzenie ……………………………………………………………….. 9
Janusz Lewandowski
Preface ………………………………………………………………………… 13
Bartosz Jóźwik, Mariusz Sagan
Introduction …………………………………………………………………….17
Bartosz Jóźwik
Economic growth and competitiveness ……………………………..25
1. Historical conditions of economic growth
in the voivodships of Eastern Poland …………………………………………26
2. Economic growth in the voivodships of Eastern Poland …………………….. 31
3. Growing disparities in the regional development in Poland ………………… 34
4. Competitiveness as a principal development tendency
in the voivodships of Eastern Poland ………………………………………. 38
Summary ……………………………………………………..
Joanna Szafran
Cohesion policy ………………………………………………………………47
1. Voivodships of Eastern Poland as the poorest EU regions in 2004-2006 …… 49
2. Participation of voivodships of Eastern Poland
in the 2007-2013 Cohesion Policy …………………………………………… 58
Summary ………………………………………………………………………..67
Henryk Ponikowski
Demography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
1. Demographic situation of Eastern Poland voivodeships ……………………..73
2. The characteristics of diagnostic demographic features ……………………76
3. Demographic distances in Eastern Poland voivodeships
on European background …………………………………………………… 83
4. Demographic future of Eastern Poland voivodeships ………………………..93
Summary ………………………………………………………………………. 98
Paweł Pasierbiak
Labour markets ……………………………………………………………..101
1. Main economic indicators in voivodships of Eastern Poland
and relations between economic growth and labor markets ……………….103
2. Condition of the labor markets in the voivodships of Eastern Poland ……….106
Summary ……………………………………………………………………… 117
Katarzyna Sołkowicz
Cultural potential …………………………………………………………..121
1. Cultura as a potential of development ……………………………………..122
2. Importance of cultural identity ……………………………………………..125
3. Role of historical conditioning ………………………………………………135
4. Multiculturalism in Eastern Poland …………………………………………139
Summary ……………………………………………………………………….145
Mariusz Sagan
Five regional capitals and their development potential ……… 147
1. Economic potential …………………………………………………………152
2. Academic potential …………………………………………………………155
3. Potential of municipal government …………………………………………160
Fund acquisition for development by local governments (EU funds) ………………160
4. Potentials of cultural communities and tourism …………………….
5. Assessing the potentials of Lublin, Białystok,
Olsztyn, Rzeszów and Kielce ………………………………………………..165
Summary ……………………………………………………………………… 168
Teresa Szot-Gabryś
Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship Development ………….169
1. The significance of entrepreneurship in economical development.
The level of entrepreneurship growth in Eastern Poland ……………………169
2. Conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in Eastern Poland ……175
3. Conditions for undertaking economic activity –
entrepreneur’s perspective …………………………………………………179
4. The system of entrepreneurship and MSMEs sector support …………….. 186
5. Summary ……………………………………………………………………195
Krystyna Leszczewska
Condition of entrepreneurship and the micro,
small and medium-sized enterprise sector ………………………..197
1. Regional conditions of entrepreneurship …………………………………..200
2. Regions of Eastern Poland – characteristics ………………………………. 203
3. Entrepreneurship in the regions of Eastern Poland ……………………….. 205
4. Innovative entrepreneurship ………………………………………………..213
5. Developing structures of clusters …………………………………………..218
Summary ………………………………………………………………………221
Aneta Karasek
Creative class ………………………………………………………………. 223
1. Concept of the creative class ……………………………………………….225
2. Measuring the creative class in Poland ……………………………………. 230
3. 3T model applicable to Polish voivodships ………………………………….234
4. Regional economic growth impacted by the creative class ……………….238
Summary ………………………………………
Jarosław Kuśpit
Foreign direct investment ………………………………………………243
1. Foreign direct investment in theoretical and practical research …………..244
2. Eastern Poland as a location for direct foreign investment ………………..246
Transport accessibility ………………………………………………………249
Size and quality of labor force ………………………………………………..250
Labor cost ………………………………………………………………… 2538
EASTERN POLAND. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
CO N T E N T S
Access to sales markets ……………………………………………………. 253
Economic infrastructure …………………………………………………….254
Social infrastructure ……………………………………………………….. 255
The level of economic development …………………………………………..256
Natural environment protection …………………………………………….. 257
General safety level …………………………………………………………258
Voivodeship self-government activity in attracting investors ……………………258
Summary ……………………………………………………………………..260
Anna Nowak
Agriculture …………………………………………………………………..265
1. Agricultural transformation – conditions and significance ………………..266
2. The significance of agriculture for the economy
of the voivodships of Eastern Poland ……………………………………… 270
3. Structural reforms and changes in the productivity
of productive forces ………………………………………………………. 279
Summary ………………………………………………………………………289
Bożena Oleszko-Kurzyna
Rural areas …………………………………………………………………..293
1. Defining rural areas and the difficulties in rural development
in the EU and Poland ………………………………………………………. 295
2. Rural areas of the macro-region of Eastern Poland –
their principal development potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Summary ……………………………………………………………………… 308
Małgorzata Dolata
Environmental infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313
1. Infrastructure as a development determinant ……………………………..314
2. Infrastructure in the rural areas of Polish eastern voivodships …………….. 317
Summary ……………………………………………………………………….331
Bartosz Jóźwik, Mariusz Sagan
Conclusions ………………………………………………………………… 333
Bibliography …………………………………………………………………339
